How do cold temperatures affect the nasal passages?

Cold temperatures can significantly affect the function of the nasal passages, particularly regarding cilia movement. The cilia are tiny hair-like structures lining the respiratory tract that help move mucus and trapped particles out of the airways. When exposed to cold air, the motion of these cilia tends to slow down. This reduction in ciliary activity can lead to decreased clearance of mucus and debris, making the nasal passages more susceptible to congestion and infections.

In colder conditions, the airways may also become irritated, prompting the body to produce more mucus; however, the effectiveness of the cilia in clearing this mucus is compromised due to the inhibited movement. Therefore, while the cold might trigger additional mucus production, the primary effect of cold temperatures on the nasal passages is the inhibition of ciliary movement, which ultimately affects respiratory health and comfort.