True or False: The brainstem and arteries monitor the levels of pH, CO2, and O2 with the help of chemoreceptors.

The statement is true because both the brainstem and certain arteries contain specialized chemoreceptors that monitor the levels of pH, carbon dioxide (CO2), and oxygen (O2) in the blood. The chemoreceptors in the brainstem, notably located in the medulla oblongata, play a crucial role in regulating respiratory rate by responding to changes in these parameters. When CO2 levels rise or pH decreases (indicating increased acidity), the brain signals the respiratory muscles to increase ventilation, thereby helping to restore normal levels.

Similarly, peripheral chemoreceptors located in the carotid and aortic bodies also detect changes in O2, CO2, and pH, providing additional feedback to the respiratory centers. These mechanisms are vital for maintaining homeostasis in the body's respiratory and metabolic processes. Therefore, the ability of the brainstem and arteries to monitor these three important factors is critical for effective regulation of respiration and maintaining the overall internal environment.