What are two major forms of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)?

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) primarily consists of two major forms: chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Chronic bronchitis is characterized by inflammation of the bronchial tubes, leading to persistent cough and mucus production. The inflammation restricts airflow and causes breathing difficulties. Emphysema, on the other hand, involves damage to the alveoli (the tiny air sacs in the lungs), which reduces the surface area available for gas exchange. This results in shortness of breath and decreased oxygen supply to the body.

Both forms are linked to long-term exposure to harmful substances, such as tobacco smoke, air pollutants, and occupational dust, making them distinct components of COPD. Understanding these conditions is crucial for diagnosis and management strategies in patients with respiratory issues.