What condition is caused by N2 bubbles forming in joints, bones, and pulmonary capillaries?

Decompression sickness, commonly known as "the bends," occurs when nitrogen bubbles form in the body's tissues and fluids, particularly in joints and pulmonary capillaries. This condition typically arises when a diver ascends too quickly after spending time at depths where they have been exposed to high pressure. Under these high-pressure conditions, nitrogen gas, which is dissolved in the bloodstream and tissues, comes out of solution as pressure decreases during a rapid ascent. As the nitrogen forms bubbles, it can lead to a variety of symptoms, including joint pains, dizziness, and, in severe cases, respiratory issues due to pulmonary involvement.

Understanding the physiological mechanism helps illustrate how critical proper ascent rates and dive practices are for divers' safety. Decompression sickness can have serious consequences if not treated promptly, often requiring hyperbaric oxygen therapy to reduce the bubble size and help re-dissolve the nitrogen back into the bloodstream safely.