What happens if there is too much fluid in the alveoli?

When there is an excess of fluid in the alveoli, gas exchange is compromised because gases, such as oxygen and carbon dioxide, diffuse more effectively through air than through liquid. The presence of fluid creates a barrier that inhibits the diffusion process, ultimately preventing the effective transfer of oxygen into the blood and the removal of carbon dioxide from the blood. This can lead to respiratory distress and reduced oxygen saturation levels in the blood, adversely affecting overall body function.

In contrast, the other options do not accurately describe the effects of excess fluid in the alveoli. Excess fluid does not increase oxygen levels in the blood or aid gas exchange; rather, it hinders these processes. Additionally, fluid accumulation does not enhance the elasticity of the alveoli, which is crucial for their function during breathing. Instead, it can lead to stiffness and reduced compliance, making it more difficult for the lungs to expand and contract.