What is a potential complication of a tracheostomy procedure?

A tracheostomy is a surgical procedure that involves creating an opening in the neck to place a tube into the windpipe, allowing air to enter the lungs. One potential complication of this procedure is the drying of respiratory tract membranes. This occurs because the tracheostomy tube bypasses the normal filtration, humidification, and warming functions of the upper respiratory tract.

When air is delivered directly through the tracheostomy tube, it does not get adequately humidified, leading to dryness in the lower airways and respiratory tract membranes. This can cause discomfort for the patient and may result in other complications such as thickening of secretions, irritation of the airway, or even an increased risk of respiratory infections due to a compromised mucosal surface.

While infection, difficulty swallowing, and shortness of breath can also be associated with tracheostomy or related procedures, the specific issue of drying out respiratory tract membranes is particularly notable because it highlights the unique challenges that arise when bypassing the natural mechanisms of the upper respiratory system. Managing humidity and moisture levels becomes a vital part of post-operative care to prevent these complications.