What is the definition of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)?

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is defined as a long-term obstruction of airflow that is not fully reversible. This condition is characterized by a gradual decline in lung function, primarily caused by chronic bronchitis and emphysema. In chronic bronchitis, the airways become inflamed and produce excess mucus, leading to a persistent cough and breathing difficulties. Emphysema involves damage to the alveoli, which impairs gas exchange and contributes to shortness of breath.

Understanding the nature of COPD is essential because it helps differentiate it from other respiratory conditions, such as infections or genetic disorders. While COPD is influenced by factors like smoking and environmental pollutants, it is not primarily an infection, nor does it arise from a genetic disorder. Therefore, recognizing COPD as a long-term obstruction of airflow highlights its primary characteristic and distinguishes it from other respiratory diseases.