What is the function of the epiglottis?

The function of the epiglottis is to guard the glottis and direct food to the esophagus. This flap of cartilage is crucial during the swallowing process; it acts as a protective barrier that prevents food and liquids from entering the trachea (windpipe) and directs them instead toward the esophagus. When you swallow, the epiglottis folds down over the glottis, which is the opening of the larynx, thereby ensuring that food passes through the pharynx and into the esophagus while keeping the airway clear and preventing aspiration.

Understanding this function is important because it operates as part of the larger mechanism of the larynx and esophagus during the swallowing reflex. This reflex is essential for proper digestion and to maintain a clear airway, highlighting the protective role of the epiglottis in the respiratory and digestive systems.