What is the inner moist serous membrane surrounding the lungs called?

The inner moist serous membrane surrounding the lungs is known as the visceral pleura. This specialized structure is vital in providing a lubricated surface that facilitates the movement of the lungs during respiration. The visceral pleura directly adheres to the lung surface and extends into the fissures between the various lobes of the lungs, effectively allowing the lungs to glide smoothly against the thoracic wall as they inflate and deflate.

The visceral pleura plays a crucial role in maintaining the pressure gradient needed for lung expansion. It is part of the pleural cavity system, which also includes the parietal pleura that lines the thoracic cavity. The pleural cavity itself is the space between the visceral and parietal pleura, containing a small amount of pleural fluid that further aids in reducing friction. Understanding the relationship between these structures is essential for comprehending various respiratory processes and potential pathologies affecting the lungs.