What is the primary effect of hypoxia on the body?

The primary effect of hypoxia, particularly in its severe form, is tissue necrosis primarily affecting organs with high metabolic demands. Organs such as the brain, heart, and kidneys rely heavily on a continuous supply of oxygen to maintain their function, as they have high oxygen consumption rates. When oxygen levels are insufficient, cells in these organs begin to undergo anaerobic metabolism, which is less efficient and leads to the accumulation of lactic acid and eventual cell death if oxygen is not restored.

In contrast, organs with lower metabolic demands may withstand hypoxic conditions better and can survive with reduced oxygen levels for a longer period before experiencing significant damage. The rapid and severe impact of hypoxia is predominantly seen in those areas of the body where oxygen demand is highest, making them more vulnerable to ischemic injury. This understanding underlines the importance of oxygen in maintaining cellular processes and the overall health of high-demand tissues.