What is the term for deep, rapid breathing induced by acidosis?

The term for deep, rapid breathing induced by acidosis is Kussmaul respiration. This type of breathing pattern is a compensatory mechanism that occurs in response to metabolic acidosis, such as that seen in diabetes mellitus when ketoacidosis develops. The body attempts to compensate for the increased acidity in the blood by increasing the rate and depth of respiration to expel more carbon dioxide, which helps to raise the pH back toward normal levels.

Kussmaul respiration is characterized by its distinctive pattern: the breaths are deep and labored, contrasting with other respiratory patterns that may be present in different physical or pathological states. It reflects the body's effort to restore balance in the face of a significant acid-base disturbance, highlighting the critical link between metabolic processes and respiratory function. Understanding this type of respiration is essential for recognizing how the body responds to various metabolic disturbances.