What structure divides the nasal cavity into right and left chambers?

The nasal septum is the structure that divides the nasal cavity into right and left chambers. It is a vertical partition made up of bone and cartilage, primarily composed of the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone and the vomer bone, along with the cartilaginous part. This division is essential for proper airflow and function of the nasal passages, as it helps to channel air through the nasal cavity, allowing for efficient filtration, warming, and humidifying of incoming air. The septum also plays a role in olfaction by directing airflow towards the olfactory receptors located in the upper nasal cavity.