Which condition is marked by inflammation and hyperplasia of the bronchial mucosa?

Chronic bronchitis is characterized by inflammation and hyperplasia of the bronchial mucosa, which is the lining of the bronchial tubes responsible for conducting air to and from the lungs. The inflammation in chronic bronchitis leads to an increase in mucus production and swelling of the bronchial walls, resulting in narrowed airways and difficulties in breathing. This condition is often associated with long-term exposure to irritants such as tobacco smoke or air pollution, which cause sustained irritation of the airways.

In chronic bronchitis, the persistent inflammation leads to structural changes in the airway, including hyperplasia of the mucus-secreting glands, contributing to the hallmark symptoms of cough, increased sputum production, and wheezing. Understanding these changes is key to recognizing and managing the condition effectively, especially in patients with a history of smoking or environmental exposure to inhaled irritants.